As the number of AIDS cases continues to escalate worldwide, HAI has directed its research efforts toward developing prevention and treatment strategies to stem the epidemic within Africa and other resource-scarce settings. Recently, HAI researchers have found that the HIV subtype that exists within Africa—HIV-1C—mutates faster and displays more diversity than any other subtype in the world. As a result, in Africa, researchers are testing the efficacy of an HIV vaccine and new genetic delivery systems; conducting studies on antiretroviral treatment, treatment adherence and drug resistance; and developing interventions to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission.
 |
| A volunteer at the Molepolole site |
The Botswana-Harvard HIV Reference Laboratory, the largest HIV/AIDS laboratory in Africa, houses clinical, epidemiologic and laboratory research for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV and the genomic analysis of HIV-1C, the viral sub-type predominant in southern Africa. Research is also conducted on resistance and adherence to anti-retroviral drugs, Herpes and HIV, prevention of HIV, and the cost-effectiveness of various interventions for prevention and treatment. The Reference Laboratory serves as a training facility, building and expanding the professional infrastructure in Botswana through training the nation’s future researchers and laboratory technicians.
As well as conducting clinical, epidemiologic and laboratory-based research, the Botswana-Harvard Partnership (BHP) is home to the KITSO AIDS Training Program which provides health care professionals in Botswana with the opportunity to enrich their HIV and AIDS clinical knowledge and practice.
For more information visit bhp.org.bw.
Bae, W.H., Wester, C., Smeaton, L.M., Shapiro, R.L., Lockman, S., Onyait, K., Thior, I., Essex, M. Hematologic and hepatic toxicities associated with antenatal and postnatal exposure to maternal highly active antiretroviral therapy among infants. AIDS. Aug 20;22(13):1633-40 (2008).
Novitsky, V., Woldegabriel, E., Wester, C., McDonald, E., Rossenkhan, R., Ketunuti, M., Makhema, J., Seage, G.R. 3rd, Essex, M. Identification of primary HIV-1C infection in Botswana. AIDS Care. Aug;20(7):806-11 (2008).
Rowley, C.F., Boutwell, C.L., Lockman, S., Essex, M. Improvement in allele-specific PCR assay with the use of polymorphism-specific primers for the analysis of minor variant drug resistance in HIV-1 subtype C. J Virol Methods.Apr;149(1):69-75. (2008).
Wester, C.W., Okezie, O.A., Thomas, A.M., Bussmann, H., Moyo, S., Muzenda, T., Makhema, J., van Widenfelt, E., Musonda, R., Novitsky, V., Gaolathe, T., Ndwapi, N., Essex, M., Kuritzkes, D.R., DeGruttola, V., Marlink, R.G. Higher-than-expected rates of lactic acidosis among highly active antiretroviral therapy-treated women in Botswana: preliminary results from a large randomized clinical trial. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Nov 1;46(3):318-22 (2007).
Redd, A.D., Avalos, A., Phiri, K., Essex, M. Effects of HIV type 1 infection on hematopoiesis in Botswana. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. Aug;23(8):996-1003 (2007).
Shapiro, R.L., Lockman, S., Kim, S., Smeaton, L., Rahkola, J.T., Thior, I., Wester, C., Moffat, C., Arimi, P., Ndase, P., Asmelash, A., Stevens, L., Montano, M., Makhema, J., Essex, M., Janoff, EN. Infant morbidity, mortality, and breast milk immunologic profiles among breast-feeding HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in Botswana. J Infect Dis. Aug 15;196(4):562-9. Epub 2007 Jul 9 (2007).
Redd, A.D., Avalos, A., and Essex, M. Infection of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells by HIV-1 Subtype C, and Its Association with Anemia in Southern Africa. Blood. 110:3143-3149 (2007).
Novitsky, V., Wester, C. W., De Gruttola, V., Bussmann, H., Gaseitsiwe, S., Thomas, A., Moyo, S., Musonda, R., van Widenfelt, E., Marlink, R. G., and Essex, M. The Reverse Transcriptase 67N 70R 215Y Genotype Is the Predominant TAM Pathway Associated with Virologic Failure among HIV Type 1C-Infected Adults Treated with ZDV/ddI-Containing HAART in Southern Africa. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 23:868-878 (2007).
Novitsky, V., Gaolathe, T., Woldegabriel, E., Makhema, J., and Essex, M. A Seronegative Case of HIV-1 Subtype C Infection in Botswana. Clin. Infect. Dis. 45:e68-71 (2007).
Boutwell, C., and Essex, M. Identification of Class I HLA-Associated Amino Acid Polymorphisms in the HIV-1C Proteome. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 23:165-174 (2007).
Thior, I., Gabaitiri, L., Grimes, J., Shapiro, R., Lockman, S., Kim, S., Kebaabetswe, P., Garmey, E., Montano, M., Peter, T., Chang, S.Y., Marlink, R., and Essex M. Voluntary Counseling and Testing among Post-Partum Women in Botswana. Patient Educ. Couns. 65:296-302 (2007).
Lockman, S., Shapiro, R.L., Smeaton, L.M., Wester, C., Thior, I., Stevens, L., Chand, F., Makhema, J., Moffat, C., Asmelash, A., Ndase, P., Arimi, P., van Widenfelt, E., Mazhani, L., Novitsky, V., Lagakos, S., and Essex, M. Response to Antiretroviral Therapy after a Single, Peripartum Dose of Nevirapine. N. Engl. J. Med. 356:135-147 (2007).
Bussmann, H., Wester, C.W., Wester, C.N., Lekoko, B., Okezie, O., Thomas, A.M., DeGruttola, S.M., Makhema, J., Essex, M., Marlink, R.G. Pregnancy rates and birth outcomes among women on efavirenz-containing highly active antiretroviral therapy in Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Jul 1;45(3):269-73 (2007).
Wester, C.W., Bussmann, H., Moyo, S., Avalos, A., Gaolathe, T., Ndwapi, N., Essex, M., MacGregor, R.R., Marlink, R.G. Serological evidence of HIV-associated infection among HIV-1-infected adults in Botswana. Clin Infect Dis. Dec 15;43(12):1612-5. Epub 2006 Nov 8 (2006).
Doualla-Bell, F., Avalos, A., Brenner, B., Gaolathe, T., Mine, M., Gaseitsiwe, S., Oliveira, M., Moisi, D., Ndwapi, N., Moffat, H., Essex, M., Wainberg, M.A. High prevalence of the K65R mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C isolates from infected patients in Botswana treated with didanosine-based regimens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. Dec;50(12):4182-5. Epub 2006 Oct 2 (2006).
Wolfe, W.R., Weiser, S.D., Bangsberg, D.R., Thior, I., Makhema, J.M., Dickinson, D.B., Mompati, K.F., Marlink, R.G. Effects of HIV-related stigma among an early sample of patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Botswana. AIDS Care. Nov;18(8):931-3 (2006).
Thior, I., Lockman, S., Smeaton, L.M., Shapiro, R.L., Wester, C., Heymann, S.J., Gilbert, P.B., Stevens, L., Peter, T., Kim, S., van Widenfelt, E., Moffat, C., Ndase, P., Arimi, P., Kebaabetswe, P., Mazonde, P., Makhema, J., McIntosh, K., Novitsky, V., Lee, T.H., Marlink, R., Lagakos, S., Essex, M; Mashi Study Team. Breastfeeding plus infant zidovudine prophylaxis for 6 months vs formula feeding plus infant zidovudine for 1 month to reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission in Botswana: a randomized trial: the Mashi Study. JAMA. Aug 16;296(7):794-805 (2006).
Shapiro, R.L., Thior, I., Gilbert, P.B., Lockman, S., Wester, C., Smeaton, L.M., Stevens, L., Heymann, S.J., Ndung'u, T., Gaseitsiwe, S., Novitsky, V., Makhema, J., Lagakos, S., Essex, M. Maternal single-dose nevirapine versus placebo as part of an antiretroviral strategy to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission in Botswana. AIDS. Jun 12;20(9):1281-8 (2006).
Ndung’u, T., Sepako, E., McLane, M.F., Chand, F., Bedi, K., Gaseitsiwe, S., Doualla-Bell, F., Peter, T., Thior, I., Moyo, S.M., Gilbert, P., Novitsky, V.A., and Essex, M. HIV-1 Subtype C In Vitro Growth and Coreceptor Utilization. Virology. 347:247-260 (2006).
Nkolola, J.P., and Essex, M. Progress Towards an HIV-1 Subtype C Vaccine. Vaccine. 24:391-401 (2006).
Novitsky, V., Gilbert, P., Shea, K., McLane, M.F., Rybak, N., Klein, I., Thior, I., Ndung’u, T., Lee, T.H., and Essex, M. Interactive Association of Proviral Load and IFN-?–Secreting T Cell Responses in HIV-1C Infection. Virology. 349:142-155 (2006).
Doualla-Bell, F., Avalos, A., Gaolathe, T., Mine, M., Gaseitsiwe, S., Ndwapi, N., Novitsky, V., Brenner, B., Oliveira, M., Moisi, D., Moffat, H., Thior, I, Essex, M., and Wainberg, M.A. Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C on Drug Resistance Mutations in Patients from Botswana Failing a Nelfinavir-Containing Regimen. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50:2210-2213 (2006).
Brenner, B.G., Oliveira, M., Doualla-Bell, F., Moisi, D.D., Ntemgwa, M., Frankel, F., Essex, M., and Wainberg, M.A. HIV-1 Subtype C Viruses Rapidly Develop K65R Resistance to Tenofovir in Cell Culture. AIDS. 20:F9-F13 (2006).
Montano, M., Rarick, M., Sebastiani, P., Brinkmann, P., Russell, M., Navis, A., Wester, C., Thior, I., Essex, M. Gene-expression profiling of HIV-1 infection and perinatal transmission in Botswana. Genes Immun. Jun;7(4):298-309. Epub 2006 May 4 (2006).
Bussmann, H., Wester, C.W., Ndwapi, N., Vanderwarker, C., Gaolathe, T., Tirelo, G., Avalos, A., Moffat, H., Marlink, R.G. Hybrid data capture for monitoring patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in urban Botswana. Bull World Health Organ. Feb;84(2):127-31 (2006).
Wester, C.W., Kim, S., Bussmann, H., Avalos, A., Ndwapi, N., Peter, T.F., Gaolathe, T., Mujugira, A., Busang, L., Vanderwarker, C., Cardiello, P., Johnson, O., Thior, I., Mazonde, P., Moffat, H., Essex, M., Marlink, R. Initial response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1C-infected adults in a public sector treatment program in Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Nov 1;40(3):336-43 (2005).
Ndung'u, T,, Gaseitsiwe, S., Sepako, E., Doualla-Bell, F., Peter, T., Kim, S., Thior, I., Novitsky, V.A., Essex, M. Major histocompatibility complex class II (HLA-DRB and -DQB) allele frequencies in Botswana: association with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. Sep;12(9):1020-8 (2005).
Shapiro, R.L., Holland, D.T., Capparelli, E., Lockman, S., Thior, I., Wester, C., Stevens, L., Peter, T., Essex, M., Connor, J.D., Mirochnick, M. Antiretroviral concentrations in breast-feeding infants of women in Botswana receiving antiretroviral treatment. J Infect Dis. Sep 1;192(5):720-7 (2005).
Shapiro, R.L., Ndung'u, T., Lockman, S., Smeaton, L.M., Thior, I., Wester, C., Stevens, L., Sebetso, G., Gaseitsiwe, S., Peter, T., Essex, M. Highly active antiretroviral therapy started during pregnancy or postpartum suppresses HIV-1 RNA, but not DNA, in breast milk. J Infect Dis Sep 1;192(5):713-9 (2005).
Gilbert, P.B., Novitsky, V., and Essex, M. Covariability of Selected Amino Acid Positions for HIV Type 1 Subtypes C and B. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 21:1016-1030 (2005).
Bussmann, H., Novitsky, V., Wester, W., Peter, T., Masupu, K., Gabaitiri, L., Kim, S., Gaseitsiwe, S., Ndungú, T., Marlink, R., Thior, I., Essex, M. HIV-1 subtype C drug-resistance background among ARV-naive adults in Botswana. Antivir Chem Chemother. 16(2):103-15 (2005).
Wester, C.W., Bussmann, H., Avalos, A., Ndwapi, N., Gaolathe, T., Cardiello, P., Bussmann, C., Moffat, H., Mazonde, P., Marlink, R.G. Establishment of a public antiretroviral treatment clinic for adults in urban Botswana: lessons learned. Clin Infect Dis. Apr 1;40(7):1041-4 (2005).
Doualla-Bell, F., Gaseitsiwe, S., Ndungú, T., Modukanele, M., Peter, T., Novitsky, V., Ndwapi, N., Tendani, G., Avalos, A., Wester, W., Bussmann, H., Cardiello, P., Marlink, R., Moffat, H., Thior, I., Wainberg, M.A., Essex, M. Mutations and polymorphisms associated with antiretroviral drugs in HIV-1C-infected African patients. Antivir Chem Chemother. Jul;15(4):189-200 (2004).
Doualla-Bell, F., Gaseitsiwe, S., Ndung’u, T., Modukanele, M., Peter, T., Novitsky, V., Ndwapi, N., Gaolathe, T., Avalos, A., Wester, W., Bussmann, H., Cardiello, P., Marlink, R., Moffatt, H., Thior, I., Wainberg, M.A., and Essex, M. Mutations and Polymorphisms Associated with Antiretroviral Drugs in HIV-1C-Infected African Patients. Antivir. Chem. Chemother. 15:189-200 (2004).
Bussmann, H., Wester, C.W., Masupu, K.V., Peter, T., Gaolekwe, S.M., Kim, S., Reich, AM., Ahn, S., Wu, Y., Thior, I., Essex, M., Marlink, R. Low CD4+ T-lymphocyte values in human immunodeficiency virus-negative adults in Botswana. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. Sep;11(5):930-5 (2004).
Weiser, S., Wolfe, W., Bangsberg, D., Thior, I., Gilbert, P., Makhema, J., Kebaabetswe, P., Dickenson, D., Mompati, K., Essex, M., Marlink, R. Barriers to antiretroviral adherence for patients living with HIV infection and AIDS in Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Nov 1;34(3):281-8 (2003).
Lockman, S., Hone, N., Kenyon, T.A., Mwasekaga, M., Villauthapillai, M., Creek, T., Zell, E., Kirby, A., Thacker, W.L., Talkington, D., Moura, I.N., Binkin, N.J., Clay, L., Tappero, J.W. Etiology of pulmonary infections in predominantly HIV-infected adults with suspected tuberculosis, Botswana. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. Aug;7(8):714-23 (2003).
Montano, M., Russell, M., Gilbert, P., Thior, I., Lockman, S., Shapiro, R., Chang, S.Y., Lee, T.H., Essex, M. Comparative prediction of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission, using multiple virus load markers. J Infect Dis. Aug 1;188(3):406-13 (2003).
Shapiro, R.L., Lockman, S., Thior, I., Stocking, L., Kebaabetswe, P., Wester, C., Peter, T., Marlink, R., Essex, M., Heymann, S.J. Low adherence to recommended infant feeding strategies among HIV-infected women: results from the pilot phase of a randomized trial to prevent mother-to-child transmission in Botswana. AIDS Educ Prev. Jun;15(3):221-30 (2003).
Quan, Y., Brenner, B., Marlink, R., Essex, M., Kurimura, T., and Wainberg, M. Drug Resistance Profiles of Recombinant Reverse Transcriptases from HIV-1 Subtypes A/E, B, and C. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 19:743-753 (2003).
Kebaabetswe, P., Lockman, S., Mogwe, S., Mandevu, R., Thior, I., Essex, M., Shapiro, R.L. Male circumcision: an acceptable strategy for HIV prevention in Botswana. Sex Transm Infect. Jun;79(3):214-9 (2003).
Novitsky, V., Gilbert, P., Peter, T., McLane, M.F., Gaolekwe, S., Rybak, N., Thior, I., Ndung’u, T., Marlink, R., Lee, T.H., and Essex, M. Association between Virus-Specific CTL Responses and Plasma Viral Load in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C Infection. J. Virol. 77:882-890 (2003).
Loemba, H., Brenner, B., Parniak, M.A., Ma'ayan, S., Spira, B., Moisi, D., Oliveira, M., Detorio, M., Essex, M., Wainberg, M.A. Polymorphisms of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and T-helper epitopes within reverse transcriptase (RT) of HIV-1 subtype C from Ethiopia and Botswana following selection of antiretroviral drug resistance. Antiviral Res. Nov;56(2):129-42 (2003).
Novitsky, V., Cao, H., Rybak, N., Gilbert, P., McLane, M.F., Gaolekwe, S., Peter, T., Thior, I., Ndung’u, T., Marlink, R., Lee, T.H., and Essex, M. Magnitude and Frequency of CTL Responses: Identification of Immunodominant Regions in HIV-1 Subtype C. J. Virol. 76:10155-10168 (2002).
Kenyon, T.A., Creek, T., Laserson, K., Makhoa, M., Chimidza, N., Mwasekaga, M., Tappero, J., Lockman, S., Moeti, T., Binkin, N. Risk factors for transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from HIV-infected tuberculosis patients, Botswana. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. Oct;6(10):843-50 (2002).
Novitsky, V., Smith, U.R., Gilbert, P., McLane, M.F., Chigwedere, P., Williamson, C., Ndung’u, T., Klein, I., Chang, S.Y., Peter, T., Thior, I., Foley, B.T., Gaolekwe, S., Rybak, N., Gaseitsiwe, S., Vannberg, F., Marlink, R., Lee, T.H., and Essex, M. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C Molecular Phylogeny: Consensus Sequence for an AIDS Vaccine Design? J. Virol. 76:5435-5451 (2002).
Novitsky V, Flores-Villanueva PO, Chigwedere P, Gaolekwe S, Bussman H, Sebetso G, Marlink R, Yunis EJ, Essex M. Identification of most frequent HLA class I antigen specificities in Botswana: relevance for HIV vaccine design. Hum Immunol. 2001 Feb;62(2):146-56.
Ndung'u, T., Renjifo, B., and Essex, M. Construction and Analysis of an Infectious Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C Molecular Clone. J. Virol. 75:4964-4972 (2001).
Ndung’u, T., Lu, Y., Renjifo, B., Touzjian, N., Kushner, N., Pena-Cruz, V., Novitsky, V., Lee, T.H., and Essex, M. An Infectious Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C from an African Isolate: Rhesus Macaque Model. J. Virol. 75:11417-11425 (2001).
Novitsky, V., Rybak, N., McLane, M.F., Gilbert, P., Chigwedere, P., Klein, I., Gaolekwe, S., Chang, S.Y., Peter, T., Thior, I., Ndung’u, T., Vannberg, F., Foley, B.T., Marlink, R., Lee, T.H., and Essex M. Identification of HIV-1C Gag-, Tat-, Rev-, and Nef-specific Elispot-based CTL Responses for AIDS Vaccine Design. J. Virol. 75:9210-9228 (2001).
Ndung'u, T., Renjifo, B., Novitsky, V.A., McLane, M.F., Gaolekwe, S., Essex, M. Molecular cloning and biological characterization of full-length HIV-1 subtype C from Botswana. Virology. Dec 20;278(2):390-9 (2000).
Montano, M.A., Nixon, C.P., Ndung'u, T., Bussmann, H., Novitsky, V.A., Dickman, D., Essex, M. Elevated tumor necrosis factor-alpha activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C in Southern Africa is associated with an NF-kappaB enhancer gain-of-function. J Infect Dis. Jan;181(1):76-81 (2000).
Novitsky, V.A., Gaolekwe, S., McLane, M.F., Ndung'u, T.P., Foley, B.T., Vannberg, F., Marlink, R., and Essex, M. HIV-1 A/J Recombinant with a Pronounced pol Gene Mosaicism. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 16:1015-1020 (2000).
Novitsky, V.A., Montano, M.A., McLane, M.F., Renjifo, B., Vannberg, F., Foley, B.T., Ndung'u, T.P., Rahman, M., Makhema, M.J., Marlink, R., Essex, M. Molecular cloning and phylogenetic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C: a set of 23 full-length clones from Botswana. J Virol. May;73(5):4427-32 (1999).
 |
| Yichen Lu & Deeda Blair (3rd & 4th from left) and members of the China Project team |
HAI’s China Project is a multi-faceted collaboration dedicated to curbing the epidemic and mitigating its impact in China.
The China Project began with joint laboratory research and vaccine development being conducted in concert with HAI of Virology, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing and the Nankai University Vaccine Laboratory, Tianjin, where HAI researcher Yichen Lu serves as Director. In Boston and Tianjin, staff work to identify and move forward promising initiatives, partnering with a variety of organizations already working in China.
 |
| Prof. Phyllis Kanki, the Chief of Kuramo, and Pastor Toju-Tubi with people from Kuramo in front of the new site for the VCT Clinic. |
Researchers have developed collaborative HIV prevention programs through the AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (APIN), lead by Professor Phyllis Kanki. APIN is committed to providing critical support aimed at strengthening both the leadership and scientific capacity needed to defeat Nigeria's AIDS epidemic.
In February 2004, Professor Kanki also became principal investigator of a U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) grant to help eradicate HIV in the world's hardest-hit regions. The grant is being used to expand antiretroviral therapy programs for HIV-infected people in Nigeria, Botswana, and Tanzania. The Nigerian portion of the program—called "APIN Plus"—is now bolstering the nation's antiretroviral program.
Ojesina, AI., Chaplin, B., Sankale, JL., Murphy, R., Idigbe, E., Adewole, I., Ekong, E., Idoko, J., Kanki, PJ. Interplay of Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Therapy and Gag p6 Diversity in HIV Type 1 Subtype G and CRF02_AG. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. Sep; 24(9): 1167-74 (2008)
Ojesina, AI., Mullins, C., Imade, G., Samuels, J., Sankale, JL., Pam, S., Sagay, S., Idoko, J., Kanki, PJ. Characterization of HIV type 1 reverse transcriptase mutations in infants infected by mothers who received peripartum nevirapine prophylaxis in Jos, Nigeria. AIDS. Res. Hum. Retroviruses. Dec; 23(12):1587-92 (2007)
Idoko, J.A., Agbaji, O., Agaba, P., Akolo, C., Inuwa, B., Hassan, Z., Akintunde, L., Badung, B., Muazu, M., Danang, M., Imade, G., Sankale, J.L., Kanki, P. Direct observation therapy-highly active antiretroviral therapy in a resource-limited setting: the use of community treatment support can be effective. Int. J. STD AIDS. Nov;18(11):760-3 (2007)
Ladep, N.G., Agbaji, O., Agaba, P., Badung, P., Imade, G., Sankalé, J., Idoko, J., Kanki, P. Does immunological status affect the prevalence of Hepatitis C virus infection among HIV/AIDS patients? Niger. J Med. Jul-Sep;16(3):231-4 (2007)
Sankale, JL., Langevin, S., Odaibo, G., Meloni, ST., Ojesina, AI., Olaleye, D., Kanki, P. The complexity of circulating HIV type 1 strains in Oyo state, Nigeria. AIDS. Res. Hum. Retroviruses. Aug; 23(8): 1020-5 (2007)
Sagay, A.S., Musa, J., Ekwempu, C.C., Imade, G.E., Babalola, A., Daniyan, G., Malu, N., Idoko, J.A., Kanki, P. Partner disclosure of HIV status among HIV positive mothers in Northern Nigeria. Afr. J. Med. Med. Sci. Dec;35 Suppl:119-23 (2006)
Ojesina, A.I., Kanki, P.J. HIV-1 subtype and reverse transcriptase genotype: role for geographical location and founder effects. PLoS Med. Dec;3(12):e540. (2006). No abstract available.
Sagay, A.S., Musa, J., Adewole, A.S.,. Imade, G.E., Ekwempu, C.C., Kapiga, S., Sankale, J.L., Idoko, J., Kanki, P. Rapid HIV testing and counselling in labour in a northern Nigerian setting. Afr J Reprod Health. Apr;10(1):76-80 (2006)
Ojesina, AI., Sankale, JL., Odaibo, G., Langevin, S., Meloni, ST., Sarr, AD., Olaleye, D., Kanki, PJ. Subtype-specific patterns in HIV Type 1 reverse transcriptase and protease in Oyo State, Nigeria: implications for drug resistance and host response. AIDS. Res. Hum. Retroviruses. Aug; 22(8): 770-9 (2006)
Idigbe, E.O., Adewole, T.A., Eisen, G., Kanki, P., Odunukwe, N.N., Onwujekwe, D.I., Audu, R.A., Araoyinbo, I.D., Onyewuche, J.I., Salu, O.B., Adedoyin, J.A., Musa, A.Z. Management of HIV-1 infection with a combination of nevirapine, stavudine, and lamivudine: a preliminary report on the Nigerian antiretroviral program. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Sep 1;40(1):65-9 (2005).
Sagay, A.S., Kapiga, S.H., Imade, G.E., Sankale, J.L., Idoko, J., Kanki, P. HIV infection among pregnant women in Nigeria. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. Jul;90(1):61-7 (2005)
Dieng Sarr, A., Sankalé, J.-L., Guèye-Ndiaye, A., Essex, M., Mboup, S., and Kanki, P.J. Genetic Analysis of HIV-2 in Monotypic and Dual HIV Infections. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 16:295-298 (2000).
Popper, S.J., Dieng-Sarr, A., Gueye-Ndiaye, A., Mboup, S., Essex, M.E., Kanki, P.J. Low Plasma HIV-2 Viral Load is Independent of Proviral Load: Low Virus Production in Vivo. J. Virol. 74:1554-1557 (2000).
Kokkotou, E.G., Sankale, J.L, Mani, I., Gueye-Ndiaye, A., Schwartz, D., Essex, M., Mboup, S. and Kanki, P.J. In Vitro Correlates of HIV-2 Mediated HIV-1 Protection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 97:6797-6802 (2000).
Dieng Sarr, A., Popper, S., Thior, I., Sankalé, J.-L., Siby, T., Marlink, R., Essex, M., Ndoye, I., Coll Seck, E.M., Mboup, S., and Kanki, P.J. Relationship Between HIV-2 Proviral Load and CD4+ Lymphocyte Count Differs in HIV Monotypic and Dual Infections. J. Hum.Virol. 2:45-51 (1999).
Sankalé, J.-L., MBoup, S., Essex, M., and Kanki, P.J. Genetic Characterization of Viral Quasispecies in Blood and Cervical Secretions of HIV-1 and HIV-2 Infected Women. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 14:1473-1481 (1998).
Popper, S.J., Sankalé, J-L., Thior, I., Siby, T. Marlink, R.G., Mboup, S., Essex, M., and Kanki, P. Antibodies to the HIV Type 2 Core Protein p26 and Vpx: Association with Disease Progression. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 14:1157-1162 (1998).
Dieng-Sarr, A., Hamel, D.G., Travers, K.U., Kokkotou, E., Sankalé, J.-L., Marlink, R., Coll-Seck, E.M., Essex, M., Siby, T., NDoye, I., MBoup, S., and Kanki, P.J. HIV-1 and HIV-2 dual infection: lack of HIV-2 proviral correlates with Low CD4+ lymphocyte counts. AIDS, 12:131-137 (1998).
Travers, K., Eisen, G., Marlink, R., Essex, M., Hsieh, C.C., Mboup, S., Kanki, P.J. Protection from HIV-1 Infection by HIV-2. AIDS. 12:224-226 (1998).
Sankalé, J.-L., Sallier de la Tour, R., Marlink, R.G., Scheib, R., Mboup, S., Essex, M.E., and Kanki, P.J. Distinct Quasi-Species in the Blood and the Brain of an HIV-2 Infected Individual. Virol. 226:418-423 (1996).
Sankalé, J.-L., Sallier de la Tour, R., Renjifo, B., Siby, T., Mboup, S., Marlink, R.G., Essex, M.E., and Kanki, P.J. Intrapatient Variability of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Envelope V3 Loop. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 11:617-623 (1995).
Guèye-Ndiaye, A., Clark, R.J., Samuel, K.P., Ndour-Sarr, A.N., Ouangré, A., Sangaré, L., Mboup, S., Marlink, R.G., Papas, T.S., Child, R.H., Coll-Seck, A.M., Essex, M.E., and Kanki, P.J. Cost-Effective Diagnosis of HIV-1 and HIV-2 by Recombinant-Expressed env Peptide (566/996) Dot Blot Analysis. AIDS 7: 475-481 (1993).
Kanki, P.J., M'Boup, S., Marlink, R., Travers, K., Hsieh, C.-C., Guèye, A., Boye, C., Sankale, J.-L., Donnelly, C., Leisenring, W., Siby, T., Thior, I., Dia, M., Gueye, E.-H., N'Doye, I., and Essex, M. Prevalence and Risk Determinants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) in West African Female Prostitutes. Am. J. Epidemiol. 136:895-907 (1992).
Baillou, A., Janvier, B., Mayer, R., Kanki, P., M'Boup, S., Denis, F., Goudeau, A., Essex, M., and Barin, F. Site-Directed Serology Using Synthetic Oligopeptides Representing the C-Terminus of the External Glycoproteins of HIV-1, HIV-2, or SIVMAC May Distinguish Subtypes among Primate Lentiviruses. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 7: 767-771 (1991).
Essex, M., Kanki, P.J., Marlink, R., Chou, M.-J., and Lee, T.H. Antigenic Characterization of the Human Immunodeficiency Viruses. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 22:1206-1210 (1990).
Romieu, I., Marlink, R., Kanki, P., M'Boup, S., and Essex, M. HIV-2 Link to AIDS in West Africa. J. Acq. Immun. Defic. Syndrome 3:220-230 (1990).
Yu, X.-F., Ito, S., Essex, M., and Lee, T.H. A Naturally Immunogenic Virion-Associated Protein Specific for HIV-2 and SIV. Nature 335:262-265 (1988).
Kanki, P.J., Hopper, J.R. and Essex, M. The Origins of HIV-1 and HTLV-4/HIV-2. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 511: 370-375 (1987).
Kanki, P.J., M'Boup, S., Ricard, D., Barin, F., Denis, F., Boye, C., Sangare, L., Travers, K., Albaum, M., Marlink, R., Romet-Lemonne, J.-L., and Essex, M. Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 4 and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in West Africa. Science 236:827-831 (1987).
Marlink, R.G. and Essex, M. Africa and the Biology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus. JAMA 257:2632-2633 (1987).
Kanki, P.J., Barin, F., M'Boup, S., and Essex, M. Relationship of Simian T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III to Human Retroviruses in Africa. Antibiot. Chemother. 38:21-27 (1987).
Kanki, P.J., Allan, J., Barin, F., Redfield, R., Clumeck, N., Quinn, T., Mowovondi, F., Thiry, L., Burny, A., Zagury, D., Petat, E., Kocheleff, P., Pascal, K., Lausen, I., Fredericksen, B., Craighead, J., M'Boup, S., Denis, F., Curran, J.W., Mann, J., Francis, H., Albaum, M., Travers, K., McLane, M.F., Lee, T.H., and Essex, M. Absence of Antibodies to HIV-2/HTLV-4 in Six Central African Nations. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 3:317-322 (1987).
Barin, F., Denis, F., Baillou, A., Leonard, G., Mounier, M., M'Boup, S., Gershy-Damet, G., Sangare, A., Kanki, P., and Essex, M. A STLV-III Related Human Retrovirus, HTLV-IV: Analysis of Cross-Reactivity with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). J. Virol. Meth. 17:55-61 (1987).
Barin, F., M'Boup, S., Denis, F., Kanki, P., Allan, J.S., Lee, T.H., and Essex, M. Serological Evidence for Virus Related to Simian T-Lymphotropic Retrovirus III in Residents of West Africa. Lancet ii:1387-1389 (1985).
 |
| Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) –Biotechnology laboratory with the view of Mt Kilimanjaro. |
Tanzania has been a major African site for Harvard-sponsored nutritional intervention studies,
and through clinical trails the widest range of HIV subtypes discovered in any African country has been identified in Tanzania. Currently, more than 1,500 mother-infant pairs have completed intervention trials in the country. Studies are now expanding to northern Tanzania to address HIV/AIDS in rural communities and small hospitals.
Kupka, R., Mugusi, F., Aboud, S., Msamanga, GI., Finkelstein, JL., Spiegelman, D., Fawzi, WW. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of selenium supplements among HIV-infected pregnant women in Tanzania: effects on maternal and child outcomes. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. Jun; 87(6): 1802-8 (2008)
Mehta, S., Manji, K.P., Young, A.M., Brown, E.R., Chasela, C., Taha, T.E., Read, J.S., Goldenberg, R.L., Fawzi, W.W. Nutritional indicators of adverse pregnancy outcomes and mother-to-child transmission of HIV among HIV-infected women. Am J Clin Nutr. Jun;87(6):1639-49. (2008)
Villamor, E., Mugusi, F., Urassa, W., Bosch, RJ., Saathoff, E., Matsumoto, K., Meydani, SN., Fawzi, WW. A trial of the effect of micronutrient supplementation on treatment outcome, T cell counts, morbidity, and mortality in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis. J. Infect. Dis. Jun 1; 197(11): 1499-505 (2008).
Fisher, JC., Cook, PA., Sam, NE., Kapiga, SH. Patterns of alcohol use, problem drinking, and HIV infection among high-risk African women. Sex. Transm. Dis. Jun; 35(6): 537-44 (2008)
Msisha, WM., Kapiga, S H., Earls, F J. Subramanian,-S-V. Place matters: multilevel investigation of HIV distribution in Tanzania. AIDS. Mar 30; 22(6): 741-8 (2008)
Kamo, N., Carlson, M., Brennan, RT., Earls, F. Young citizens as health agents: use of drama in promoting community efficacy for HIV/AIDS. Am. J. Public Health. Feb; 98(2): 201-4 (2008)
Kantarci, S., Koulinska, IN., Aboud, S., Fawzi, WW., Villamor, E. Subclinical mastitis, cell-associated HIV-1 shedding in breast milk, and breast-feeding transmission of HIV-1. JAIDS. Dec 15; 46(5): 651-4 (2007)
Chatterjee, A., Bosch, R.J., Hunter, D.J., Fataki, M.R., Msamanga, G.I., Fawzi, W.W. Maternal disease stage and child undernutrition in relation to mortality among children born to HIV-infected women in Tanzania. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Dec 15;46(5):599-606. (2007)
Drain, PK., Kupka, R., Msamanga, GI., Urassa, W., Mugusi, F., Fawzi, WW. C-reactive protein independently predicts HIV-related outcomes among women and children in a resource-poor setting. AIDS. Oct 1; 21(15): 2067-75 (2007)
Kupka, R., Msamanga, G.I., Mugusi, F., Petraro, P., Hunter, D.J., Fawzi, W.W. Iron status is an important cause of anemia in HIV-infected Tanzanian women but is not related to accelerated HIV disease progression. J Nutr. Oct;137(10):2317-23. (2007)
Villamor, E., Koulinska, I.N., Furtado, J., Baylin, A., Aboud, S., Manji, K., Campos, H., Fawzi, W.W. Long-chain n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast milk decrease the risk of HIV transmission through breastfeeding. Am J Clin Nutr. Sep;86(3):682-9. (2007)
Villamor, E., Msamanga, G., Saathoff, E., Fataki, M., Manji, K., Fawzi, W.W. Effects of maternal vitamin supplements on malaria in children born to HIV-infected women. Am J Trop Med Hyg.Jun;76(6):1066-71. (2007)
Sedgh, G., Larsen, U., Spiegelman, D., Msamanga, G., Fawzi, W.W. HIV-1 infection and fertility in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Afr J Reprod Health. Dec;10(3):41-52. (2006)
Fawz,i W.W., Msamanga, G.I., Kupka, R., Spiegelman, D., Villamor, E., Mugusi, F., Wei, R., Hunter, D. Multivitamin supplementation improves hematologic status in HIV-infected women and their children in Tanzania. Am J Clin Nutr. May;85(5):1335-43. (2007)
Kapiga, S.H., Sam, N.E., Bang, H., Ni, Q., Ao, T.T.H., Kiwelu, I., Chiduo, S., Ndibe, U., Seage, G. III, Coplan, P., Shao, J., Rosenberg, Z.F., and Essex, M. The Role of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 and Other Genital Infections in the Acquisition of HIV-1 among High-Risk Women in Northern Tanzania. J. Infect. Dis. 195:1260-1269 (2007).
Tassiopoulos, K.K., Seage, G., III, Sam, N., Kiwelu, I., Shao, J., Ao, T.T.H., Essex, M., Coplan, P., Rosenberg, Z., Hughes, M., and Kapiga, S. Predictors of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Prevalence and Incidence among Bar and Hotel Workers in Moshi, Tanzania. J. Infect. Dis. 195:493-501 (2007).
Antelman, G., Kaaya, S., Wei, R., Mbwambo, J., Msamanga, GI., Fawzi, WW., Fawzi, MC. Depressive symptoms increase risk of HIV disease progression and mortality among women in Tanzania. JAIDS. Apr 1; 44(4): 470-7 (2007)
Kupka, R., Msamanga, G.I., Xu, C., Anderson, D., Hunter, D., Fawzi, W.W. Relationship between plasma selenium concentrations and lower genital tract levels of HIV-1 RNA and interleukin type 1beta. Eur J Clin Nutr. Apr;61(4):542-7. (2007)
Larsen, U., Mlay, J., Aboud, S., Ballard, R., Sam, NE., Shao, JF., Kapiga, SH. Design of a community-based study of sexually transmitted infections/HIV and infertility in an urban area of northern Tanzania. Sex. Transm. Dis. Jan; 34(1): 20-4 (2007)
Msamanga, G., Fawzi, W., Hertzmark, E., McGrath, N., Kapiga, S., Kagoma, C., Spiegelman, D., Hunter, D. Socio-economic and demographic factors associated with prevalence of HIV infection among pregnant women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. East Afr Med J. Jun;83(6):311-21. (2006)
Villamor, E., Kapiga, S.H., Fawzi, W.W. Vitamin A serostatus and heterosexual transmission of HIV: case-control study in Tanzania and review of the evidence. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. Mar;76(2):81-5. (2006)
Kapiga, SH., Sam, NE., Mlay, J., Aboud, S., Ballard, RC., Shao, JF., Larsen, U. The epidemiology of HIV-1 infection in northern Tanzania: results from a community-based study. AIDS Care. May; 18(4): 379-87 (2006)
Tassiopoulos, K.K., Seage, G.R 3rd, Sam, N.E., Ao, T.T., Masenga, E.J., Hughes, M.D., Kapiga, S.H. Sexual behavior, psychosocial and knowledge differences between consistent, inconsistent and non-users of condoms: a study of female bar and hotel workers in Moshi, Tanzania. AIDS Behav. Jul;10(4):405-13. (2006)
Koulinska, I.N., Villamor, E., Msamanga, G., Fawzi, W., Blackard, J., Renjifo, B., and Essex, M. Risk of HIV-1 Transmission by Breastfeeding among Mothers Infected with Recombinant and Non-recombinant HIV-1 Genotypes. Virus Res. 120:191-198 (2006).
Ao, T.T., Sam, N.E., Masenga. E.J., Seage, G.R 3rd, Kapiga, S.H. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 among bar and hotel workers in northern Tanzania: the role of alcohol, sexual behavior, and herpes simplex virus type 2. Sex Transm Dis. Mar;33(3):163-9. (2006)
Vasan, A., Renjifo, B., Hertzmark, E., Chaplin, B., Msamanga, G., Essex, M., Fawzi, W., and Hunter, D. Different Rates of Disease Progression of HIV Type 1 Infection in Tanzania Based on Infecting Subtype. Clin. Infect. Dis. 42:843-852 (2006).
Koulinska, I.N., Villamor, E., Chaplin, B. Msamanga, G., Fawzi, W., Renjifo, B., and Essex, M. Transmission of Cell-Free and Cell-Associated HIV-1 Through Breast-Feeding. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 41:93-99 (2006).
Villamor, E., Aboud, S., Koulinska, I.N., Kupka, R., Urassa, W., Chaplin, B., Msamanga, G., Fawzi, W.W. Zinc supplementation to HIV-1-infected pregnant women: effects on maternal anthropometry, viral load, and early mother-to-child transmission. Eur J Clin Nutr. Jul;60(7):862-9. (2006)
McGrath, N., Bellinger, D., Robins, J., Msamanga, G.I., Tronick, E., Fawzi, W.W. Effect of maternal multivitamin supplementation on the mental and psychomotor development of children who are born to HIV-1-infected mothers in Tanzania. Pediatrics. Feb;117(2):e216-25 (2006)
Villamor, E., Saathoff, E., Mugusi, F., Bosch, R.J., Urassa, W., Fawzi, W.W. Wasting and body composition of adults with pulmonary tuberculosis in relation to HIV-1 coinfection, socioeconomic status, and severity of tuberculosis. Eur J Clin Nutr. Feb;60(2):163-71. (2006)
Venkatesh, P.A., Bosch, R.J., McIntosh, K., Mugusi, F., Msamanga, G., Fawzi, W.W. Predictors of incident tuberculosis among HIV-1-infected women in Tanzania. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. Oct;9(10):1105-11. (2005)
Kiwelu, I.E., Koulinska, I.N., Nkya, W.M., Shao, J., Kapiga, S., Essex, M. Identification of CRF10_CD viruses among bar and hotel workers in Moshi, Northern Tanzania. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. Oct;21(10):897-900. (2005)
Villamor, E., Saathoff, E., Manji, K., Msamanga, G., Hunter, D.J., Fawzi, W.W. Vitamin supplements, socioeconomic status, and morbidity events as predictors of wasting in HIV-infected women from Tanzania. Am J Clin Nutr. Oct;82(4):857-65. (2005)
O'Brien, M.E., Kupka, R., Msamanga, G.I., Saathoff, E., Hunter, D.J., Fawzi, W.W. Anemia is an independent predictor of mortality and immunologic progression of disease among women with HIV in Tanzania. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Oct 1;40(2):219-25. (2005)
Kupka, R., Msamanga, G.I., Spiegelman, D., Rifai, N., Hunter, D.J., Fawzi, W.W. Selenium levels in relation to morbidity and mortality among children born to HIV-infected mothers. Eur J Clin Nutr. Nov;59(11):1250-8. (2005)
Sedgh, G., Larsen, U., Spiegelman, D., Msamanga, G., Fawzi, W.W. HIV-1 disease progression and fertility in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Aug 1;39(4):439-45. (2005)
Merchant, A.T., Msamanga, G., Villamor, E., Saathoff, E., O'brien, M., Hertzmark, E., Hunter, D.J., Fawzi, W.W. Multivitamin supplementation of HIV-positive women during pregnancy reduces hypertension. J Nutr. Jul;135(7):1776-81. (2005)
Baylin, A., Villamor, E., Rifai, N., Msamanga, G., Fawzi, W.W. Effect of vitamin supplementation to HIV-infected pregnant women on the micronutrient status of their infants. Eur J Clin Nutr. Aug;59(8):960-8. (2005)
Villamor, E., Saathoff, E., Bosch, R.J., Hertzmark, E., Baylin, A., Manji, K., Msamanga, G., Hunter, D.J., Fawzi, W.W. Vitamin supplementation of HIV-infected women improves postnatal child growth. Am J Clin Nutr. Apr;81(4):880-8. (2005)
Fawzi, W., Msamanga, G., Spiegelman, D., Hunter, D.J. Studies of vitamins and minerals and HIV transmission and disease progression. J Nutr. Apr;135(4):938-44. (2005)
Villamor, E., Saathoff, E., Msamanga, G., O'Brien, M.E., Manji, K., Fawzi, W.W. Wasting during pregnancy increases the risk of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Apr 15;38(5):622-6. (2005)
Villamor, E., Misegades, L., Fataki, M.R., Mbise, R.L., Fawzi, W.W. Child mortality in relation to HIV infection, nutritional status, and socio-economic background. Int J Epidemiol. Feb;34(1):61-8. (2005)
Fawzi, W.W, Villamor, E., Msamanga, G.I., Antelman, G., Aboud, S., Urassa, W., Hunter, D. Trial of zinc supplements in relation to pregnancy outcomes, hematologic indicators, and T cell counts among HIV-1-infected women in Tanzania. Am J Clin Nutr. Jan;81(1):161-7. (2005)
Kupka, R., Msamanga, G.I., Spiegelman, D., Morris, S., Mugusi, F., Hunter, D.J., Fawzi, W.W. Selenium status is associated with accelerated HIV disease progression among HIV-1-infected pregnant women in Tanzania. J Nutr. Oct;134(10):2556-60. (2004)
Westheimer, E.F., Urassa, W., Msamanga, G., Baylin, A., Wei, R., Aboud, S., Kaaya, S., Fawzi, W.W. Acceptance of HIV testing among pregnant women in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Sep 1;37(1):1197-205. (2004)
Fawzi, W.W., Msamanga, G.I., Spiegelman, D., Wei, R., Kapiga, S., Villamor, E., Mwakagile, D., Mugusi, F., Hertzmark, E., Essex, M., Hunter, D.J. A randomized trial of multivitamin supplements and HIV disease progression and mortality. N Engl J Med. Jul 1;351(1):23-32. (2004)
Wei, R., Msamanga, G.I., Spiegelman, D., Hertzmark, E., Baylin, A., Manji, K., Fawzi, W.W. Association between low birth weight and infant mortality in children born to human immunodeficiency virus 1-infected mothers in Tanzania. Pediatr Infect Dis J. Jun;23(6):530-5. (2004)
Sedgh, G., Spiegelman, D., Larsen, U., Msamanga, G., Fawzi, W.W. Breastfeeding and maternal HIV-1 disease progression and mortality. AIDS. Apr 30;18(7):1043-9. (2004)
Villamor, E., Fataki, M.R., Mbise, R.L., Fawzi, W.W. Malaria parasitaemia in relation to HIV status and vitamin A supplementation among pre-school children. Trop Med Int Health. Dec;8(12):1051-61. (2003)
Ao, T., Sam, N., Manongi, R., Seage, G., Kapiga, S. Social and behavioural determinants of consistent condom use among hotel and bar workers in Northern Tanzania. Int J STD AIDS. Oct;14(10):688-96. (2003)
Mugusi, F.M., Rusizoka, O., Habib, N., Fawzi, W. Vitamin A status of patients presenting with pulmonary tuberculosis and asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. Aug;7(8):804-7. (2003)
Renjifo, B., Chung, M., Gilbert, P., Mwakagile, D., Msamanga, G., Fawzi, W., and Essex, M. In-Utero Transmission of Quasispecies among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Genotypes. Virology 307:278-282 (2003).
Koulinska, I., Chaplin, B., Mwakagile, D., Essex, M., and Renjifo, B. Hypermutation of HIV-1 Genomes Isolated from Infants Soon After Vertical Infection. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 19:1115-1123 (2003).
Kapiga, S.H., Lugalla, J.L. Male condom use in Tanzania: results from a national survey. East Afr Med J. Apr;80(4):181-90. (2003)
Villamor, E., Msamanga, G., Spiegelman, D., Peterson, K.E., Antelman, G., Fawzi, W.W. Pattern and predictors of weight gain during pregnancy among HIV-1-infected women from Tanzania. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Apr 15;32(5):560-9. (2003)
Kapiga, S.H., Sam, N.E., Shao, J.F., Masenga, E.J., Renjifo, B., Kiwelu, I.E., Manongi, R., Fawzi, W.W., Essex, M. Herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among bar and hotel workers in northern Tanzania: prevalence and risk factors. Sex Transm Dis. Mar;30(3):187-92. (2003)
Kiwelu, I.E., Renjifo, B., Chaplin, B., Sam, N., Nkya, W.M., Shao, J., Kapiga, S., Essex, M. HIV type 1 subtypes among bar and hotel workers in Moshi, Tanzania. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. Jan 1;19(1):57-64. (2003)
Fawzi, W., Msamanga, G., Spiegelman, D., Renjifo, B., Bang, H., Kapiga, S., Coley, J., Hertzmark, E., Essex, M., Hunter, D. Transmission of HIV-1 through breastfeeding among women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Nov 1;31(3):331-8. (2002)
Fawzi, W.W., Msamanga, G.I., Hunter, D., Renjifo, B., Antelman, G., Bang, H., Manji, K., Kapiga, S., Mwakagile, D., Essex, M., Spiegelman, D. Randomized trial of vitamin supplements in relation to transmission of HIV-1 through breastfeeding and early child mortality. AIDS. Sep 27;16 (14):1935-44. (2002)
Koulinska, I.N., Msamanga, G., Mwakagile, D., Essex, M., Renjifo, B. Common genetic arrangements among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype A and D recombinant genomes vertically transmitted in Tanzania. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. Sep 1;18(13):947-56. (2002)
Kapiga, S.H., Lugalla, J.L. Sexual behaviour patterns and condom use in Tanzania: results from the 1996 Demographic and Health Survey. AIDS Care. Aug;14(4):455-69. (2002)
Kaaya, S.F., Fawzi, M.C., Mbwambo, J.K., Lee, B., Msamanga, G.I., Fawzi, W. Validity of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 amongst HIV-positive pregnant women in Tanzania. Acta Psychiatr Scand. Jul;106(1):9-19. (2002)
Villamor, E., Msamanga, G., Spiegelman, D., Coley, J., Hunter, D.J., Peterson, K.E., Fawzi, W.W. HIV status and sociodemographic correlates of maternal body size and wasting during pregnancy. Eur J Clin Nutr. May;56(5):415-24. (2002)
Koulinska, I., Msamanga, G., Mwakagile, D., Essex, M., and Renjifo B. Common Genetic Arrangements Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype A and D Recombinant Genomes Vertically Transmitted in Tanzania. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 18:947-956 (2002).
Kapiga, S.H., Sam, N.E., Shao, J.F., Renjifo, B., Masenga, E.J., Kiwelu, I.E., Manongi, R., Fawzi, W., Essex, M. HIV-1 epidemic among female bar and hotel workers in northern Tanzania: risk factors and opportunities for prevention. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Apr 1;29(4):409-17. (2002)
Coley, J.L., Msamanga, G.I., Fawzi, M.C., Kaaya, S., Hertzmark, E., Kapiga, S., Spiegelman, D., Hunter, D., Fawzi, W.W. The association between maternal HIV-1 infection and pregnancy outcomes in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. BJOG. Nov;108(11):1125-33. (2001)
Urassa, W.K., Kapiga, S.H., Msamanga, G.I., Antelman, G., Coley, J., Fawzi, W.W. Risk factors for syphilis among HIV-1 infected pregnant women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Afr J Reprod Health. Dec;5(3):54-62. (2001)
Dreyfuss, M.L., Msamanga, G.I., Spiegelman, D., Hunter, D.J., Urassa, E.J., Hertzmark, E., Fawzi, W.W. Determinants of low birth weight among HIV-infected pregnant women in Tanzania. Am J Clin Nutr. Dec;74(6):814-26. (2001)
Antelman, G., Smith Fawzi, M.C., Kaaya, S., Mbwambo, J., Msamanga, G.I., Hunter, D.J., Fawzi, W.W. Predictors of HIV-1 serostatus disclosure: a prospective study among HIV-infected pregnant women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. AIDS. Sep 28;15(14):1865-74. (2001)
Fawzi, W., Msamanga, G., Renjifo, B., Spiegelman, D., Urassa, E., Hashemi, L., Antelman, G., Essex, M., Hunter, D. Predictors of intrauterine and intrapartum transmission of HIV-1 among Tanzanian women. AIDS. Jun 15;15(9):1157-65. (2001)
Koulinska, I.N., Ndung'u, T., Mwakagile, D., Msamanga, G., Kagoma, C., Fawzi, W., Essex, M., Renjifo, B. A new human immunodeficiency virus type 1 circulating recombinant form from Tanzania. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. Mar 20;17(5):423-31. (2001)
Renjifo, B., Fawzi, W., Mwakagile, D., Hunter, D., Msamanga, G., Spiegelman, D., Garland, M., Kim, A., Chaplin, B., Hertzmarle, E., and Essex, M. Differences in Vertical Transmission Between HIV-1 Genotypes. J. Hum. Virol. 4:16-25 (2001).
Blackard, J.T., Renjifo, B., Fawzi, W., Msamanga, G., Mwakagile, D., Hertzmark, E., Hunter, D., Spiegelman, D., Sharghi, N., Kagoma, C., and Essex, M. HIV-1 LTR Subtype and Perinatal Transmission. Virology 287:261-265 (2001).
Kapiga, S.H., Mwakagile, D., Spiegelman, D., Msamanga, G.I., Hunter, D., Fawzi, W.W. Predictors of CD4+ lymphocyte count among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative pregnant women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. East Afr Med J.Apr;77(4):206-11. (2000)
Villamor, E., Mbise, R., Spiegelman, D., Ndossi, G., Fawzi, W.W. Vitamin A supplementation and other predictors of anemia among children from Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg. May;62(5):590-7. (2000)
Kapiga, S.H., Lyamuya, E.F., Vuylsteke, B., Spiegelman, D., Larsen, U., Hunter, D.J. Risk factors for HIV-1 seroprevalence among family planning clients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Afr J Reprod Health. Apr;4(1):88-99. (2000)
Blackard, J.T., Renjifo, B., Chaplin, B., Msamanga, G., Fawzi, W., Essex, M. Diversity of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat following mother-to-child transmission. Virology. Sep 1;274(2):402-11. (2000)
Fawzi, W.W., Msamanga, G., Hunter, D., Urassa, E., Renjifo, B., Mwakagile, D., Hertzmark, E., Coley, J., Garland, M., Kapiga, S., Antelman, G., Essex, M., Spiegelman, D. Randomized trial of vitamin supplements in relation to vertical transmission of HIV-1 in Tanzania. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Mar 1;23(3):246-54. (2000)
Kapiga, S.H., Msamanga, G.I., Spiegelman, D., Mwakyoma, H., Fawzi, W.W, Hunter, D.J. Risk factors for cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions among HIV-1 seropositive women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. Nov;67(2):87-94. (1999)
Renjifo, B., Gilbert, P., Chaplin, B., Vannberg, F., Mwakagile, D., Msamanga, G., Hunter, D., Fawzi, W., Essex, M. Emerging recombinant human immunodeficiency viruses: uneven representation of the envelope V3 region. AIDS. Sep 10;13(13):1613-21. (1999)
Fawzi, W.W., Mbise, R.L., Hertzmark, E., Fataki, M.R., Herrera, M.G., Ndossi, G., Spiegelman, D. A randomized trial of vitamin A supplements in relation to mortality among human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected children in Tanzania. Pediatr Infect Dis J. Feb;18(2):127-33. (1999)
Fawzi, W.W., Msamanga, G.I., Spiegelman, D., Urassa, E.J., Hunter, D.J. Rationale and design of the Tanzania Vitamin and HIV Infection Trial. Control Clin Trials. Feb;20(1):75-90. (1999)
Kapiga, S.H., Vuylsteke, B., Lyamuya, E.F., Dallabetta, G., Laga, M. Evaluation of sexually transmitted diseases diagnostic algorithms among family planning clients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Sex Transm Infect. Jun;74 Suppl 1:S132-8. (1998)
Blackard, J.T., Renjifo, B.R., Mwakagile, D., Montano, M.A., Fawzi, W.W., Essex, M. Transmission of human immunodeficiency type 1 viruses with intersubtype recombinant long terminal repeat sequences. Virology. Feb 15;254(2):220-5. (1999)
Fawzi, W.W., Msamanga, G.I., Spiegelman, D., Urassa, E.J., McGrath, N., Mwakagile, D., Antelman, G., Mbise, R., Herrera, G., Kapiga, S., Willett, W., Hunter, D.J. Randomised trial of effects of vitamin supplements on pregnancy outcomes and T cell counts in HIV-1-infected women in Tanzania. Lancet. May 16;351(9114):1477-82. (1998)
Renjifo, B., Chaplin, B., Mwakagile, D., Shah, P., Vannberg, F., Msamanga, G., Hunter, D., Fawzi, W., Essex, M. Epidemic expansion of HIV type 1 subtype C and recombinant genotypes in Tanzania. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. May 1;14(7):635-8. (1998) No abstract available.
Kapiga, S.H., Lyamuya, E.F., Lwihula, G.K., Hunter, D.J. The incidence of HIV infection among women using family planning methods in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. AIDS. Jan 1;12(1):75-84. (1998)
Kapiga, S.H. Determinants of multiple sexual partners and condom use among sexually active Tanzanians. East Afr Med J. Jul;73(7):435-42. (1996)
Kapiga, S.H., Lwihula, G.K., Shao, J.F., Hunter, D.J. Predictors of AIDS knowledge, condom use and high-risk sexual behaviour among women in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. Int J STD AIDS. May-Jun;6(3):175-83. (1995)
Kapiga SH, Shao JF, Lwihula GK, Hunter DJ. Risk factors for HIV infection among women in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1994 Mar;7(3):301-9.
 |
| The laboratory staff in Chiang Mai, Thailand |
Over the last ten years, more than 2,400 mother-infant pairs have completed HIV/AIDS intervention trials sponsored by HAI in Thailand.
HAI has provided training for a significant percentage of Thailand's academic HIV/AIDS specialists and has established an HIV/AIDS research, training, and support network among 14 hospitals in the country. In 2000, the Thai government adopted a chemoprophylaxis regimen as the national standard that was identified by a Harvard trial.
Harvard has received awards from Thailand's Mahidol University, the City of Bangkok, and the Prime Minister of Thailand for contributions related to HIV and AIDS.
Jourdain, G., Mary, JY., Coeur, SL., Ngo-Giang-Huong, N., Yuthavisuthi, P., Limtrakul, A., Traisathit, P., McIntosh, K., Lallemant, M. Risk Factors for In Utero or Intrapartum Mother-to-Child Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Thailand. J.Infect. Dis. Dec 1; 196(11): 1629-36 (2007)
Arvold, N.D., Ngo-Giang-Huong, N., McIntosh, K., Suraseranivong, V., Warachit, B., Piyaworawong, S., Changchit, T., Lallemant, M., Jourdain, G. Perinatal HIV Prevention Trial (PHPT-1), Thailand. Maternal HIV-1 DNA load and mother-to-child transmission. AIDS Patient Care STDS. Sep 21(9):638-43 (2007)
Briand, N., Le-Coeur, S., Traisathit, P., Karnchanamayul, V., Hansudewechakul, R., Ngampiyasakul, C., Bhakeecheep, S., Ithisukanan, J., Hongsiriwon, S., McIntosh, K., Lallemant, M. Growth of human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected children exposed to perinatal zidovudine for the prevention of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus transmission. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. Apr; 25(4): 325-32 (2006)
Traisathit, P., Le Coeur, S., Mary, J.Y., Kanjanasing, A., Lamlertkittikul, S., Lallemant, M. Gestational age determination and prevention of HIV perinatal transmission. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet. Feb;92(2):176-80 (2006)
Lallemant, M., Jourdain, G., Le Coeur, S., Mary, J.Y., Ngo-Giang-Huong, N., Koetsawang, S., Kanshana, S., McIntosh, K., Thaineua, V. Perinatal HIV Prevention Trial (Thailand) Investigators. Single-dose perinatal nevirapine plus standard zidovudine to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Thailand. N Engl J Med. Jul 15;351(3):217-28 (2004)
Talawat, S., Dore, G.J., Le Coeur, S., Lallemant, M. Infant feeding practices and attitudes among women with HIV infection in northern Thailand. AIDS Care. Oct;14(5):625-31 (2002)
Chang, S.Y., Vithayasai, V., Vithayasai, P., Auewarakul, P., Essex, M., and Lee, T.H. HIV-1 Subtype E Envelope Recombinant Peptides Containing Naturally Immunogenic Epitopes. J. Infect. Dis. 182: 442-450 (2000).
Lallemant, M., Jourdain, G., Le Coeur, S., Kim, S., Koetsawang, S., Comeau, A.M., Phoolcharoen, W., Essex, M., McIntosh, K., Vithayasai, V. A trial of shortened zidovudine regimens to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Perinatal HIV Prevention Trial (Thailand) Investigators. N Engl J Med. Oct 5;343(14):982-91 (2000).
Chang, S.Y., Sutthent, R., Auewarakul, P., Apichartpiyakul, C., Essex, M., Lee, T.H. Differential Stability of the mRNA Secondary Structures in the Frameshift Site of Various HIV-1 Viruses. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 15:1591-1596 (1999).
Lallemant, M., McIntosh, K., Jourdain, G., Le Coeur, S., Vithayasai, V., Lee, T.H., Hammer, S., Prescott, N., Essex, M. Ethics of placebo-controlled trials of zidovudine to prevent the perinatal transmission of HIV in the Third World. N Engl J Med. Mar 19;338(12):839-40; author reply 840-1 (1998)
Soto-Ramirez, L.E., Renjifo, B., McLane, M.F., Marlink, R., O'Hara, C., Sutthent, R., Wasi, C., Vithayasai, P., Vithayasai, V., Apichartpiyakul, C., Auewarakul, P., Peña Cruz, V., Chui, D.S., Osathanondh, R., Mayer, K., Lee, T.H., Essex, M. HIV-1 Langerhans' cell tropism associated with heterosexual transmission of HIV. Science. Mar 1;271(5253):1291-3 (1996)
Lalleman, M., Le Coeur, S., McIntosh, K., Brennan, T., Gelber, R., Lee, T.H., Hammer, S., Essex, M., Vithayasai, V., Sirivatanapa, P. AZT trial in Thailand. Science. Nov 10;270(5238):899-900. (1995)
 |
| Max Essex and Shain Lockman |
HAI pursues innovative research concerning the pathogenesis of the AIDS virus, the treatment of HIV/AIDS, and the dynamics of the epidemic. Our core esearh labs are located at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston.
![[Harvard School of Public Health logo]](/img/hsphlogo.gif){kind=small}
Harvard School of Public Health
© Copyright 2008, President and Fellows of Harvard College